Kev tiv thaiv tawg thiab SIL hais txog ob theem sib txawv ntawm cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb: kev tiv thaiv tawg yog hais txog kev ua kom ntseeg tau tias "lub cuab yeej tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov hluav taws kub," thaum SIL yog hais txog seb "kev nyab xeeb muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo." Ib qho cuab yeej yuav muaj ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg tab sis tsis muaj SIL ntsuas txhua, lossis nws yuav muaj peev xwm SIL tab sis tsis tas yuav muaj ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg-lawv txhua tus teb rau cov teeb meem kev pheej hmoo sib txawv.
I. Cov teeb meem dab tsi puas muaj pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg?
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tawg pov thawj yog kom paub meej tias thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tawg, nws yuav tsis ignite cov pa roj los yog plua plav ib puag ncig vim muaj sparks, arcs, los yog kub uas tsim los ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Nws lub ntsiab lus pib qhov pib yog "qhov muaj qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab tawg," thiab nws qhov kawg yog "cov cuab yeej tsim los kom nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov hluav taws kub."
Kev tiv thaiv tawg yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev teeb tsa. Ua ntej, kev faib tawm ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij yuav tsum tau qhia meej: seb nws yog Zone 0, Zone 1, lossis Zone 2, thiab seb nws puas yog ib puag ncig roj lossis ib puag ncig plua plav; thib ob, pawg roj thiab chav kawm kub ntawm lub hom phiaj roj yuav tsum tau lees paub. Muaj ntau hom kev tiv thaiv tawg-xws li kev nyab xeeb sab hauv (Ex ia), flameproof enclosure (Ex d), thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv (Ex e)-yog haum rau ntau qhov chaw thiab kev ua haujlwm. Thaum xaiv, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsuas saib "txawm tias muaj kev tiv thaiv tawg," tab sis yuav tsum saib "qhov twg kev tiv thaiv tawg yog tsim nyog rau thaj chaw no."
Dab tsi ntxiv xav tau kev saib xyuas tshaj li qhov pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg? Ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsuas saib "txawm tias muaj daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg," tab sis kuj yuav tsum xyuas seb daim ntawv pov thawj puas npog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom lag luam, lub hom phiaj kev ua haujlwm, kev faib cov chaw txaus ntshai, thiab pab pawg roj / plua plav. Daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg feem ntau yog khi rau ib qho qauv khoom tshwj xeeb thiab qhov kub thiab txias thiab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Yog tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag poob rau sab nraud ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj, cov khoom yuav tsis raug siv raws li daim ntawv pov thawj ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg yog kev txhawj xeeb nrog "tsis igniting" - nws tsis lav qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb, thiab nws tsis lav lub sijhawm ceeb toom thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dhau - uas yog qhov teeb meem rau lwm qhov system.
II. International Market Access yog dab tsi?
Kev nkag mus rau thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam, yooj yim muab, txhais tau hais tias rau cov khoom lag luam nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm qee lub tebchaws lossis cheeb tsam, nws yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov cai hauv zos thiab cov qauv. Cov khoom pov thawj tawg yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv no hais txog, vim hais tias kev saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj kev phom sij yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov kev coj ua ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tuaj yeem muab sau ua peb hom. Hom kev hloov pauv ncaj qha yog hais txog qee lub tebchaws lossis thaj chaw uas lees txais cov ntawv tshaj tawm los yog daim ntawv pov thawj uas muab los ntawm lwm tus neeg pov thawj lub cev los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, tsis tas yuav muaj kev sim rov ua dua. Hom ntawv pov thawj yog hais txog lub teb chaws tuaj txawv teb chaws xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas ywj pheej thiab ntawv pov thawj los ntawm lub cev ntawv pov thawj lees paub los ntawm lub teb chaws ntawd; txawm tias lub teb chaws exporting twb muaj ntawv pov thawj, cov txheej txheem hauv zos tseem yuav tsum tau ua raws. Hom kev xav tau ntxiv yog ua raws li kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv kev sib txawv thaum saib xyuas lub teb chaws cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb sib txawv, xws li cov qib voltage, hom lus, lossis cim cim. Lub hom phiaj ntawm IECEx system yog qhov tseeb los txhawb kev sib koom ua ke thoob ntiaj teb ntawm "ib tus qauv, ib daim ntawv pov thawj, ib qho cim," txo lub nra ntawm kev rov ua ntawv pov thawj. Tab sis qhov tseeb yog tias, tawm ntawm kev txiav txim siab rau kev saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, lub teb chaws tseem khaws ntau qhov kev cai hauv cheeb tsam.
III. Txhais thiab Classification ntawm SIL
SIL=Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ncaj Ncees Qib, uas yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm (IEC 61508 thiab nws cov txheej txheem kev lag luam daim ntawv thov txheej txheem IEC 61511). SIL txhais cov qib kev ntseeg siab tias qhov ntsuas kev nyab xeeb yuav ua tiav kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm thaum xav tau.
SIL muaj pes tsawg qib? Muaj plaub theem nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nrog SIL 4 yog siab tshaj thiab SIL 1 qis tshaj. Cov qib siab dua, qhov tsawg dua qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm yuav tsum yog. Rau hom kev thov qis (piv txwv li, tsis pub ntau tshaj ib qho kev nqis tes ua hauv ib xyoos), SIL 1 sib raug rau qhov nruab nrab qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm 10⁻² txog 10⁻¹, SIL 2 yog 10⁻³ txog 10⁻², SIL 3 yog 10⁻⁴ txog 10⁻ 1 IL, thiab SIL 3 10⁻⁴. Cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam yog SIL 2 thiab SIL 3, thiab SIL 4 feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov ntawv thov kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab tshaj plaws.
Cov ntawv thov twg xav tau SIL?
Cov ntawv thov twg xav tau SIL yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis tau txiav txim siab los ntawm hom kev ntsuas, tab sis los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo. Tsis yog "asiab transmitterxav tau SIL," tab sis qhov "ib qho kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm raug soj ntsuam raws li xav tau SIL, thiab cov cuab yeej koom nrog hauv qhov kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsim nyog rau qhov yuav tsum tau SIL." Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim siab yog: thaum qhov kev nyab xeeb no tsis ua haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim loj npaum li cas, qhov tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas, thiab nws tuaj yeem raug tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd los ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej xws li kev tiv thaiv overpressure, siab / qis interlocks, kaw thaum muaj xwm ceev, combustion tswj, thiab tshuaj lom / combustible gas xyuas Piv txwv li, tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm reactor overpressure tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav ua rau lub nkoj rupture los yog txawm tawg; mus tsis raug kho raws sij hawm Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xwm txheej no yog tias ib zaug kev nyab xeeb tsis ua haujlwm, cov txiaj ntsig yuav suav nrog kev tawg, hluav taws kub, tuag, raug mob, lossis kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig, yog li SIL 2 lossis txawm tias SIL 3 feem ntau yuav tsum tau.
Lwm pawg ntawm cov ntawv thov uas xav tau SIL yog cov tshuaj lom neeg saib xyuas thiab kev cuam tshuam, kev ruaj siab siab tiv thaiv cov tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tawg, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsis tiav yog qhov sib npaug loj. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tshwj xeeb uas SIL tau muab rau tag nrho cov ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, tsis txuas rau ib qho cuab yeej. Lub transmitter tuaj yeem "txhawb SIL 2 daim ntawv thov," tab sis seb tag nrho cov voj voog tiag tiag ua tiav SIL 2 tseem nyob ntawm lub logic maub los, actuating li qub, voj architecture, kev kuaj mob, thiab kuaj lub sijhawm. Hloov pauv, tsis yog txhua yam cuab yeej hauv thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij xav tau SIL: kev tawg-pov thawjsiab transmittertsuas yog siv rau cov khoom siv hauv zos lossis cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm zoo tib yam tsis tas yuav muaj kev ntsuam xyuas SIL yog tias nws tsis koom nrog kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb; nws tsuas yog xav tau ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg. Yog li ntawd, "cov ntawv thov twg xav tau SIL" thaum kawg rov qab los rau qhov kev pheej hmoo: tom qab qhov kev ua haujlwm no tsis ua tiav, puas yog qhov tshwm sim loj txaus uas yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo? Yog tias muaj, SIL yuav tsum tau; yog hais tias cov pa tswj system los yog lwm yam kev tiv thaiv txheej txaus, nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau.
IV. SIL Qib thiab Qhov Muaj Feem Xyuam ntawm Kev Tsis Txaus Siab
PFDavg: Qhov nruab nrab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov txaus ntshai tsis ua haujlwm hauv hom kev thov qis - qhov tsawg dua tus nqi, qhov qis dua qhov ua tsis tiav thiab muaj zog muaj peev xwm muaj kev nyab xeeb.
PFH: Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov txaus ntshai tsis ua haujlwm ib teev - siv rau hauv kev thov siab / hom txuas ntxiv.
V. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv tawg thiab SIL
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tawg thiab SIL tuaj yeem sau tau hauv ib kab lus: lawv teb cov lus nug sib txawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov ib leeg. Kev tiv thaiv tawg teb "yuav lub cuab yeej yuav taws qhov chaw ib puag ncig," thaum SIL teb "yuav ua li cas kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm tau ntseeg tau thaum xav tau."
Ib lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob siv nyob rau hauv thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li ob theem ntawm kev xav tau ib txhij: nws yuav tsum muaj hom kev tiv thaiv tawg uas tsim nyog kom hloov mus rau qhov phom sij ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa; thiab yog tias nws koom nrog kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, nws kuj yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm SIL sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, ob daim ntawv pov thawj no raug ntsuas ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg yog tsom rau ntawm qhov chaw kaw, kev txwv lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab qhov kub thiab txias; SIL daim ntawv pov thawj tsom rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov ua tsis tiav txaus ntshai, kev kuaj mob kev pab them nqi kho mob, kho vajtse txhaum kev cai lij choj, thiab kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub neej.
Hloov pauv, ib qho kev nkag siab tsis zoo yog tias "muaj ntawv pov thawj SIL txhais tau tias tsis xav tau kev tiv thaiv tawg," lossis "muaj daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv lub voj voog kev nyab xeeb." Ob lub tswv yim no tsis yog lawm. SIL daim ntawv pov thawj tsis ntsuas qhov kev pheej hmoo hluav taws kub hnyiab, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg tsis ntsuas qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm. Ib qho cuab yeej tsim nyog rau lub voj kev nyab xeeb hauv thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij yuav tsum tuav ob daim ntawv pov thawj tiv thaiv tawg thiab daim ntawv pov thawj SIL, thiab cov kev siv tau ntawm ob qho tib si yuav tsum tau them rau cov kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag.
